The rise of synthetic drugs has introduced new challenges for families and communities. Often marketed under names like “bath salts,” “spice,” or “K2,” these substances are chemically engineered to mimic the effects of traditional drugs but can be even more dangerous. Recognizing the signs of synthetic drug use in a loved one is critical to addressing the problem early and ensuring they receive the help they need.
Here’s what you need to know about synthetic drugs, their effects, and how to spot the warning signs.
What Are Synthetic Drugs?
Synthetic drugs are human-made substances designed to replicate the effects of natural drugs like marijuana, cocaine, or opioids. They are often sold under deceptive names and marketed as harmless products, such as herbal incense, plant food, or legal highs. Popular examples include:
- Synthetic Cannabinoids (e.g., Spice, K2): Mimic marijuana’s effects but can be far more potent and unpredictable.
- Synthetic Cathinones (e.g., Bath Salts): Stimulants that mimic the effects of cocaine or methamphetamine.
- Synthetic Opioids (e.g., Fentanyl Analogs, ZaZa): Extremely potent and dangerous, often responsible for overdose deaths. Read more about the symptoms of ZaZa use.
These substances are often inexpensive, widely accessible, and sometimes sold in gas stations, smoke shops, or online, making them particularly appealing to younger users.
Common Signs of Synthetic Drug Use
Synthetic drug use can manifest in various physical, behavioral, and psychological changes. Here’s what to watch for:
Physical Symptoms
- Dilated pupils are a common sign of stimulant use.
- Excessive sweating or flushed skin due to a rise in body temperature and heart rate.
- Unexplained weight loss from appetite suppression.
- Tremors or muscle spasms due to uncontrollable physical movements.
- Respiratory issues as a result of trouble breathing.
- Nausea, vomiting, or other signs of gastrointestinal distress.
Behavioral Changes
- Sudden and extreme mood swings, aggression, or paranoia.
- Secretive habits, such as hiding drug paraphernalia, avoiding family members, or being overly defensive about activities.
- Financial problems like borrowing money frequently or having unexplained missing funds.
- Declining performance at work, school, or in daily life.
- Avoiding friends and family, often retreating to isolation.
Psychological Symptoms
- Confusion or disorientation regarding their surroundings.
- Feeling paranoid, as if they’re being watched or targeted.
- Seeing or hearing things that aren’t there, which can occur with synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones.
- Severe anxiety or depression that exacerbates mental health issues.
- Delusions of grandeur, or believing they have extraordinary powers or abilities.
How to Tell if Someone Is Using Synthetic Drugs by Type
Synthetic Cannabinoids (Spice, K2)
Synthetic cannabinoids are chemically similar to chemicals found in the marijuana plant, though they often produce very different effects. These substances can result in violent outbursts or extreme agitation, unpredictable behavior (including self-harm), and catatonia.
Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts)
Another lab-made substance, synthetic cathinones are chemically related to substances found in the khat plant. Effects include hyperactivity or extreme energy, grinding teeth or jaw clenching, and severe paranoia, which can lead to dangerous behavior.
Synthetic Opioids (e.g., Fentanyl)
Synthetic opioids are made in a laboratory and act on the same receptors in the brain as natural opioids. Fentanyl is an example of a synthetic opioid, and it has been responsible for claiming hundreds of thousands of lives. The effects include drowsiness or nodding off, slow or shallow breathing, and a loss of consciousness.
What to Do If You Suspect Synthetic Drug Use
If you are seeing the signs of synthetic drug use in a loved one, start by educating yourself. Learn about the specific drugs your loved one is using, and understand the risk and symptoms so that you can respond appropriately. Synthetic substances can be extremely addictive and potent, which means you can’t expect your loved one to just “stop.”
Second, open a conversation with your loved one. Use compassion, not judgment, and express concern for their well-being. Many families stage an intervention with the help of a professional mediator to ensure this discussion is effective. The next step is to seek professional help so that your loved one can overcome their dependence. Reach out to addiction specialists, counselors, or healthcare providers for guidance. Synthetic drugs often require specific treatment plans due to their unpredictable effects.
Treatment for Synthetic Drug Use
Synthetic drugs pose a unique and dangerous challenge due to their unpredictable effects and accessibility. By recognizing the warning signs and addressing the issue early, you can help your loved one avoid the devastating consequences of synthetic drug use. If you suspect someone you care about is using synthetic drugs, don’t hesitate to seek help. With the right support, recovery is possible. Contact Spearhead Health at 310-561-1704 to explore your options for treatment.